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结束语四面试题下前面两章节我们介绍了锁的三种模式分别为传统模式连续模式交错模式这三种模式我们可以用同学聚会定餐馆来形象的描述下传统模式老板你家的店我包了等到我同学聚会完了你再招待其它客人啊其它客人坑啊你们快点吃啊慢吞吞的连续模式老爸我同学总共个人先给我来个位置有些同学可能没来那就空着剩下的位置你可以招待其它的同学有时候如果不知道有多少同学健忘症犯了就只能再回到传统模式了交错模式老板我也不知道会来几个同学反正来了一个就坐一个位置其它客人来了也可以坐假设老板家座位足够这三种锁模式的优缺点是啥传统模式能保证所有的自增值是连续的且不会浪费也就是会一直自增下去不会断掉但其它的事务或语句要等到当前语句执行完才会继续执行交错模式解决了要传统模式中要等待的问题但也会引入新问题就是可能造成自增值出现断层比如缺了这样同时在指定插入数据条数不确定的情况下会回到传统模式交错模式解决了自增值断层的问题但引入了自增值顺序混乱的问题可能会导致自增值如下交错模式在日常的语句中是不会出啥问题的因为会按照自增值排序出问题就处恢复数据或主从过程中的二进制日志回放可能导致从库或者恢复的数据的自增值和源数据不一致好了锁的三种模式我们就介绍到此了接下来的部分我们讨论讨论下这三种模式在中的使用说明锁的使用说明主从复制中的主从复制时如果你使用的是基于语句的复制需要将配置项的值设置为或而且主服务器和从服务器上的值必须相同如果设置也就是使用交错锁模式或者主从服务器上的值不相同则不能确保从服务器上相同行的自增值和主服务器相同如果你使用的是基于行或混合模式的主从复制那么使用任何一个锁模式都是安全的因为基于行的复制对语句的执行顺序不敏感在交错锁模式下主从复制来说任何基于语句的复制都是不安全的注意混合模式使用的是基于行的复制方式丢失自增值和序列间隙无论你使用的是哪种锁模式或如果生成自增值的事务回滚则这些自增量值将丢失一旦为列生成一个自增值后无论语句是否完成以及包含事务是否回滚都无法回滚该自增值这些丢失的自增值不会被重复使用因此表的列中的值可能存在间隙为列指定或时候无论使用哪种锁模式和如果用户在语句中为列指定的值为或那么将会忽略这些值并为该列生成一个新的自增值也就是说不管是否为列指定了值为还是指定了值为或是未指定都会自动生成一个自增值作为该列的值为列指定一个负值无论使用哪种锁模式和如果用户在语句中为列指定的值为负数那么为生成的值就是不确定的也就是说如果指定了一个负数那么当前插入行的列的值就是不确定的如果列的值大于指定列数据类型一般是整数类型的最大整数无论使用哪种锁模式和如果列的值变得大于可以存储在指定整数类型中的最大整数则最终的结果也是不确定的批量插入中的自增值的间隙在配置项的值设置为传统锁模式或连续锁模式时任何给定语句生成的自增值都是连续的没有间隙因为在这两个模式下批量插入会使用表级别的锁且会一直持有直到所有语句运行结束在表级别的锁控制下一次只能执行一个这样的语句在配置项的值设置为交错锁模式时批量插入生成的自增值可能存在间隙仅有的出现前提是同时执行语句对于锁模式和连续的语句间也可能出现间隙因为批量插入可能并不知道每个语句所需的确切数量的自增值可能会存在高估如果一旦高估了那么高估的自增值将会被抛弃且永远也不会使用到混合模式插入中的自增值混合模式插入中那些简单插入中的某些语句但不是全部可能显式的为列指定了值如果真的发生了这种情况三种锁模式下的结果是各不相同的例如假设列是表的列且假设最新自动生成的序列号为现在我们来看看下面这条混合模式插入语句在设置为传统锁模式下刚刚插入的条数据如下下一个可用的自增值为因为自增值一次分配一个而不是在语句执行开始时一次性分配这时候无论是否同时并发的执行其它语句任何类型此结果都是正确的但如果设置的值为也就是连续锁模式那么刚刚插入的条数据如下虽然最终数据看起来一样但是行为结果还是不同的在这种情况下下一个可用的自增值是而不是因为在处理语句时分配了四个自增值但只使用了两个也就是和永远的被丢失了这时候无论是否同时并发的执行其它语句任何类型此结果都是正确的但如果设置的值为也就是交错锁模式那么刚刚插入的条数据如下和的值是唯一的并且比任何先前生成的行的都大但是和的具体值取决于同时执行语句生成的自增值的数量如果没有其它语句并发执行结果和传统锁模式是一样的最后我们来看看下面这个语句假设最新自动生成的序列号为无论配置项的值设置为何种锁模式该语句会抛出生成重复键错误因为自增值已经分配给了这时候再使用就会失败当然了前提是列设置为主键或唯一索引在一序列语句的中间修改列值在及更早版本中在一序列语句的中间修改列值可能会导致重复条目错误例如如果执行了将列值更改为大于当前最大自增值的操作那些后续的未指定也未使用自增值的操作可能会遇到重复条目错误在及更高版本中如果将列值修改为大于当前最大自增值的值那么新值将保持不变后续操作将从新的较大值开始分配自增值下面的示例演示了这种行为结束语知识量好多有没有这次的文字简单明了我就不做过多解释了看完了你有啥感觉",isPost:!0,isHome:!1,isHighlightShrink:!0,isToc:!0,postUpdate:"2019-10-20 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itemtype="https://it985.github.io/posts/b23c6a19.html"><header><h1 id="CrawlerTitle" itemprop="name headline">MySQL 面试题 InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT ( 下 )</h1><span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">云少</span><time itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-10-20T14:29:54.000Z" title="发表于 2019-10-20 22:29:54">2019-10-20</time><time itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-10-20T14:29:54.000Z" title="更新于 2019-10-20 22:29:54">2019-10-20</time></header><h1 id="四、MySQL-面试题-InnoDB-AUTO-INCREMENT-下"><a href="#四、MySQL-面试题-InnoDB-AUTO-INCREMENT-下" class="headerlink" title="四、MySQL 面试题 InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT ( 下 )"></a>四、MySQL 面试题 InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT ( 下 )</h1><p>前面两章节，我们介绍了 MySQL Innodb AUTO_INCREMENT 锁的三种模式，分别为 「 传统模式 」 、 「 连续模式 」 、「 交错模式 」 ，这三种模式我们可以用同学聚会定餐馆来形象的描述下</p><p>1、 「 传统模式 」 – 老板，你家的店我包了，等到我同学聚会完了你再招待其它客人啊….其它客人：坑啊！ 你们快点吃啊，慢吞吞的…</p><p>2、 「 连续模式 」 – 老爸，我同学总共 50 个人，先给我来 50 个位置，有些同学可能没来，那就空着。剩下的位置，你可以招待其它的同学。有时候，如果不知道有多少同学 ( 健忘症犯了… )，就只能再回到传统模式了。</p><p>3、 「 交错模式 」 – 老板，我也不知道会来几个同学，反正，来了一个就坐一个位置，其它客人来了也可以坐 ( 假设老板家座位足够 )</p><p>这三种锁模式的优缺点是啥 ？</p><p>1、 「 传统模式 」 能保证所有的自增值是连续的，且不会浪费 ( 也就是会一直 123456789…自增下去，不会断掉 )，但其它的事务或语句要等到当前语句执行完才会继续执行</p><p>2、 「 交错模式 」解决了要 「 传统模式 」中要等待的问题，但也会引入新问题，就是可能造成自增值出现断层，比如 12345 缺了 4 这样。同时，在指定插入数据条数不确定的情况下，会回到 「 传统模式 」</p><p>3、 「 交错模式 」 解决了自增值断层的问题，但引入了自增值顺序混乱的问题，可能会导致自增值如下 13245687</p><p>交错模式在日常的 <code>SELECT</code> 语句中是不会出啥问题的，因为会按照自增值排序，出问题就处恢复数据或主从过程中的二进制日志回放，可能导致从库或者恢复的数据的自增值和源数据不一致。</p><p>好了，MySQL Innodb AUTO_INCREMENT 锁的三种模式我们就介绍到此了，接下来的部分我们讨论讨论下这三种模式在 MySQL Innodb 中的使用说明</p><h2 id="MySQL-Innodb-AUTO-INCREMENT-锁的使用说明"><a href="#MySQL-Innodb-AUTO-INCREMENT-锁的使用说明" class="headerlink" title="MySQL Innodb AUTO_INCREMENT 锁的使用说明"></a>MySQL Innodb AUTO_INCREMENT 锁的使用说明</h2><h3 id="主从复制中的-AUTO-INCREMENT"><a href="#主从复制中的-AUTO-INCREMENT" class="headerlink" title="主从复制中的 AUTO_INCREMENT"></a>主从复制中的 AUTO_INCREMENT</h3><p>主从复制时，如果你使用的是基于 SQL 语句的复制，需要将 <code>innodb_autoinc_lock_mode</code> 配置项的值设置为 <code>0</code> 或 <code>1</code> ，而且主服务器和从服务器上的值必须相同。</p><p>如果设置 <code>innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2</code>，也就是使用 「 交错锁 」 模式，或者主从服务器上的值不相同，则不能确保从服务器上相同行的自增值和主服务器相同</p><p>如果你使用的是基于 <strong>行</strong> ( row ) 或混合模式的主从复制，那么使用任何一个 AUTO_INCREMENT 锁模式都是安全的，因为基于行的复制对 SQL 语句的执行顺序不敏感。</p><p>在 <strong>交错锁</strong> 模式下，主从复制来说，任何基于语句的复制都是不安全的</p><blockquote><p>注意： 混合模式使用的是基于行的复制方式。</p></blockquote><h3 id="「-丢失-」-lost-自增值和序列间隙"><a href="#「-丢失-」-lost-自增值和序列间隙" class="headerlink" title="「 丢失 」 ( lost ) 自增值和序列间隙"></a>「 丢失 」 ( lost ) 自增值和序列间隙</h3><p>无论你使用的是哪种锁模式 ( 0 , 1 或 2 )，如果生成自增值的事务回滚，则这些自增量值将 「 丢失 」。</p><p>一旦为 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列生成一个自增值后，无论 「 INSERT-like 」 语句是否完成，以及包含事务是否回滚，都无法回滚该自增值。</p><p>这些丢失的自增值不会被重复使用。因此，表的 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列中的值可能存在间隙</p><h3 id="为-AUTO-INCREMENT-列指定-NULL-或-0-时候"><a href="#为-AUTO-INCREMENT-列指定-NULL-或-0-时候" class="headerlink" title="为 AUTO_INCREMENT 列指定 NULL 或 0 时候"></a>为 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列指定 <code>NULL</code> 或 <code>0</code> 时候</h3><p>无论使用哪种 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 锁模式 ( 0, 1 和 2 )，如果用户在<code>INSERT</code> 语句中为 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列指定的值为 <code>NULL</code> 或 <code>0</code>，那么 Innodb 将会忽略这些值并为该列生成一个新的自增值。</p><p>也就是说，不管是否为 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列指定了值为 <code>NULL</code> ，还是指定了值为 <code>0</code> ，或是未指定，Innodb 都会自动生成一个自增值作为该列的值。</p><h3 id="为-AUTO-INCREMENT-列指定一个负值-0"><a href="#为-AUTO-INCREMENT-列指定一个负值-0" class="headerlink" title="为 AUTO_INCREMENT 列指定一个负值 ( &lt; 0 )"></a>为 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列指定一个负值 ( &lt; 0 )</h3><p>无论使用哪种 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 锁模式 ( 0, 1 和 2 )，如果用户在<code>INSERT</code> 语句中为 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列指定的值为负数，那么 Innodb 为 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 生成的值就是不确定的 ( is not defined )</p><p>也就是说，如果指定了一个负数，那么当前插入行的 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列的值就是不确定的 ( is not defined )</p><h3 id="如果-AUTO-INCREMENT-列的值大于指定列数据类型-一般是整数类型-的最大整数"><a href="#如果-AUTO-INCREMENT-列的值大于指定列数据类型-一般是整数类型-的最大整数" class="headerlink" title="如果 AUTO_INCREMENT 列的值大于指定列数据类型 ( 一般是整数类型 ) 的最大整数"></a>如果 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列的值大于指定列数据类型 ( 一般是整数类型 ) 的最大整数</h3><p>无论使用哪种 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 锁模式 ( 0, 1 和 2 )，如果 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列的值变得大于可以存储在指定整数类型中的最大整数，则最终的结果也是不确定的 ( is not defined )</p><h3 id="「-批量插入-」-中的自增值的间隙"><a href="#「-批量插入-」-中的自增值的间隙" class="headerlink" title="「 批量插入 」 中的自增值的间隙"></a>「 批量插入 」 中的自增值的间隙</h3><p>在 <code>innodb_autoinc_lock_mode</code> 配置项的值设置为 <code>0</code> ( 传统锁模式 ) 或 <code>1</code> ( 连续锁模式 ) 时，任何给定语句生成的自增值都是连续的，没有间隙。</p><p>因为在这两个模式下，「 批量插入 」 会使用表级别的 <code>AUTO-INC</code> 锁，且会一直持有直到所有语句运行结束。在表级别的 <code>AUTO-INC</code> 锁控制下，一次只能执行一个这样的语句</p><p>在 <code>innodb_autoinc_lock_mode</code> 配置项的值设置为 <code>2</code> ( 交错锁模式 ） 时，「 批量插入 」 生成的自增值可能存在间隙，仅有的出现前提是同时执行 「 INSERT-like 」 语句</p><p>对于锁模式 1 和 2 ，连续的语句间也可能出现间隙，因为批量插入，可能并不知道每个语句所需的确切数量的自增值，可能会存在高估，如果一旦高估了，那么高估的自增值将会被抛弃且永远也不会使用到。</p><h2 id="「-混合模式插入-」-中的自增值"><a href="#「-混合模式插入-」-中的自增值" class="headerlink" title="「 混合模式插入 」 中的自增值"></a>「 混合模式插入 」 中的自增值</h2><p>「 混合模式插入 」 中，那些 「 简单插入 」中的某些语句 ( 但不是全部 ) 可能显式的为 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列指定了值。</p><p>如果真的发生了这种情况，三种锁模式下的结果是各不相同的。</p><p>例如，假设 <code>c1</code> 列是表 <code>t1</code> 的 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列，且假设最新自动生成的序列号为 <code>100</code></p><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> t1 (</span><br><span class="line">    c1 <span class="type">INT</span> UNSIGNED <span class="keyword">NOT</span> <span class="keyword">NULL</span> AUTO_INCREMENT <span class="keyword">PRIMARY</span> KEY,</span><br><span class="line">    c2 <span class="type">CHAR</span>(<span class="number">1</span>)</span><br><span class="line">) ENGINE <span class="operator">=</span> INNODB;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>现在，我们来看看下面这条混合模式插入语句</p><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> t1 (c1,c2) <span class="keyword">VALUES</span> (<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>), (<span class="keyword">NULL</span>,<span class="string">&#x27;b&#x27;</span>), (<span class="number">5</span>,<span class="string">&#x27;c&#x27;</span>), (<span class="keyword">NULL</span>,<span class="string">&#x27;d&#x27;</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>在 <code>innodb_autoinc_lock_mode</code> 设置为 <code>0</code> ( 传统锁模式下 )，刚刚插入的 4 条数据如下</p><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mysql<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">SELECT</span> c1, c2 <span class="keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> c2;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">-----+------+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span> c1  <span class="operator">|</span> c2   <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">-----+------+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>   <span class="number">1</span> <span class="operator">|</span> a    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span> <span class="number">101</span> <span class="operator">|</span> b    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>   <span class="number">5</span> <span class="operator">|</span> c    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span> <span class="number">102</span> <span class="operator">|</span> d    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">-----+------+</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>下一个可用的自增值为 103，因为自增值一次分配一个，而不是在语句执行开始时一次性分配。这时候无论是否同时并发的执行其它 「 INSERT-like 」 语句 ( 任何类型 )，此结果都是正确的</p><p>但如果设置 <code>innodb_autoinc_lock_mode</code> 的值为 <code>1</code> ，也就是 「 连续锁模式 」，那么刚刚插入的 4 条数据如下</p><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mysql<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">SELECT</span> c1, c2 <span class="keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> c2;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">-----+------+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span> c1  <span class="operator">|</span> c2   <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">-----+------+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>   <span class="number">1</span> <span class="operator">|</span> a    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span> <span class="number">101</span> <span class="operator">|</span> b    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>   <span class="number">5</span> <span class="operator">|</span> c    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span> <span class="number">102</span> <span class="operator">|</span> d    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">-----+------+</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>虽然最终数据看起来一样。但是，行为结果还是不同的。</p><p>在这种情况下，下一个可用的自增值是 105，而不是 103，因为在处理语句时分配了四个自增值，但只使用了两个，也就是 103 和 104 永远的被丢失了。这时候无论是否同时并发的执行其它 「 INSERT-like 」 语句 ( 任何类型 )，此结果都是正确的</p><p>但如果设置 <code>innodb_autoinc_lock_mode</code> 的值为 <code>2</code> ，也就是 「 交错锁模式 」，那么刚刚插入的 4 条数据如下</p><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mysql<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">SELECT</span> c1, c2 <span class="keyword">FROM</span> t1 <span class="keyword">ORDER</span> <span class="keyword">BY</span> c2;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">-----+------+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span> c1  <span class="operator">|</span> c2   <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">-----+------+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>   <span class="number">1</span> <span class="operator">|</span> a    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>   x <span class="operator">|</span> b    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>   <span class="number">5</span> <span class="operator">|</span> c    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>   y <span class="operator">|</span> d    <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">-----+------+</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p><code>x</code> 和 <code>y</code> 的值是唯一的，并且比任何先前生成的行的都大。但是，<code>x</code> 和 <code>y</code> 的具体值取决于同时执行语句生成的自增值的数量。如果没有其它 「 INSERT-like 」语句并发执行，结果和 「 传统锁 」 模式是一样的。</p><p>最后，我们来看看下面这个 SQL 语句，假设最新自动生成的序列号为 <code>100</code></p><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> t1 (c1,c2) <span class="keyword">VALUES</span> (<span class="number">1</span>,<span class="string">&#x27;a&#x27;</span>), (<span class="keyword">NULL</span>,<span class="string">&#x27;b&#x27;</span>), (<span class="number">101</span>,<span class="string">&#x27;c&#x27;</span>), (<span class="keyword">NULL</span>,<span class="string">&#x27;d&#x27;</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>无论配置项 <code>innodb_autoinc_lock_mode</code> 的值设置为何种锁模式，该语句会抛出生成重复键错误 <code>23000</code> ( Can’t write; duplicate key in table ) 。因为自增值 <code>101</code> 已经分配给了 <code>(NULL,&#39;b&#39;)</code> ，这时候 <code>(101,&#39;c&#39;)</code> 再使用 <code>101</code> 就会失败，当然了，前提是 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列设置为主键或唯一索引</p><h3 id="在一序列-INSERT-语句的中间修改-AUTO-INCREMENT-列值"><a href="#在一序列-INSERT-语句的中间修改-AUTO-INCREMENT-列值" class="headerlink" title="在一序列 INSERT 语句的中间修改 AUTO_INCREMENT 列值"></a>在一序列 INSERT 语句的中间修改 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列值</h3><p>在 MySQL 5.7 及更早版本中，在一序列 INSERT 语句的中间修改 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列值可能会导致 「 重复条目 」 ( Duplicate entry ) 错误。例如，如果执行了将 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列值更改为大于当前最大自增值的 <code>UPDATE</code> 操作，那些后续的未指定也未使用自增值的 INSERT 操作可能会遇到 「 重复条目 」 错误</p><p>在MySQL 8.0 及更高版本中，如果将 <code>AUTO_INCREMENT</code> 列值修改为大于当前最大自增值的值，那么新值将保持不变，后续 INSERT 操作将从新的较大值开始分配自增值</p><p>下面的示例演示了这种行为</p><figure class="highlight sql"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">mysql<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">CREATE</span> <span class="keyword">TABLE</span> t1 (</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="operator">-</span><span class="operator">&gt;</span> c1 <span class="type">INT</span> <span class="keyword">NOT</span> <span class="keyword">NULL</span> AUTO_INCREMENT,</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="operator">-</span><span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">PRIMARY</span> KEY (c1)</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="operator">-</span><span class="operator">&gt;</span>  ) ENGINE <span class="operator">=</span> InnoDB;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mysql<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> t1 <span class="keyword">VALUES</span>(<span class="number">0</span>), (<span class="number">0</span>), (<span class="number">3</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mysql<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">SELECT</span> c1 <span class="keyword">FROM</span> t1;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">----+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span> c1 <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">----+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>  <span class="number">1</span> <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>  <span class="number">2</span> <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>  <span class="number">3</span> <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">----+</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mysql<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">UPDATE</span> t1 <span class="keyword">SET</span> c1 <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">4</span> <span class="keyword">WHERE</span> c1 <span class="operator">=</span> <span class="number">1</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mysql<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">SELECT</span> c1 <span class="keyword">FROM</span> t1;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">----+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span> c1 <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">----+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>  <span class="number">2</span> <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>  <span class="number">3</span> <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>  <span class="number">4</span> <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">----+</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mysql<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">INSERT</span> <span class="keyword">INTO</span> t1 <span class="keyword">VALUES</span>(<span class="number">0</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">mysql<span class="operator">&gt;</span> <span class="keyword">SELECT</span> c1 <span class="keyword">FROM</span> t1;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">----+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span> c1 <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">----+</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>  <span class="number">2</span> <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>  <span class="number">3</span> <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>  <span class="number">4</span> <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">|</span>  <span class="number">5</span> <span class="operator">|</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="operator">+</span><span class="comment">----+</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><h2 id="结束语"><a href="#结束语" class="headerlink" 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id="twikoo-wrap"></div></div><div><div id="artalk-wrap"></div></div></div></div><div class="comment-barrage"></div></div><div class="aside-content" id="aside-content"><div class="sticky_layout"><div class="card-widget" id="card-toc"><div class="item-headline"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-bars"></i><span>文章目录</span><span class="toc-percentage"></span></div><div class="toc-content is-expand"><ol class="toc"><li class="toc-item toc-level-1"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9B%9B%E3%80%81MySQL-%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%A2%98-InnoDB-AUTO-INCREMENT-%E4%B8%8B"><span class="toc-number">1.</span> <span class="toc-text">四、MySQL 面试题 InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT ( 下 )</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#MySQL-Innodb-AUTO-INCREMENT-%E9%94%81%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E"><span class="toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">MySQL Innodb AUTO_INCREMENT 锁的使用说明</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%8E%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84-AUTO-INCREMENT"><span class="toc-number">1.1.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">主从复制中的 AUTO_INCREMENT</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E3%80%8C-%E4%B8%A2%E5%A4%B1-%E3%80%8D-lost-%E8%87%AA%E5%A2%9E%E5%80%BC%E5%92%8C%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99"><span class="toc-number">1.1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">「 丢失 」 ( lost ) 自增值和序列间隙</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%BA-AUTO-INCREMENT-%E5%88%97%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A-NULL-%E6%88%96-0-%E6%97%B6%E5%80%99"><span class="toc-number">1.1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">为 AUTO_INCREMENT 列指定 NULL 或 0 时候</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E4%B8%BA-AUTO-INCREMENT-%E5%88%97%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AA%E8%B4%9F%E5%80%BC-0"><span class="toc-number">1.1.4.</span> <span class="toc-text">为 AUTO_INCREMENT 列指定一个负值 ( &lt; 0 )</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%A6%82%E6%9E%9C-AUTO-INCREMENT-%E5%88%97%E7%9A%84%E5%80%BC%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8E%E6%8C%87%E5%AE%9A%E5%88%97%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B-%E4%B8%80%E8%88%AC%E6%98%AF%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0%E7%B1%BB%E5%9E%8B-%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E6%95%B4%E6%95%B0"><span class="toc-number">1.1.5.</span> <span class="toc-text">如果 AUTO_INCREMENT 列的值大于指定列数据类型 ( 一般是整数类型 ) 的最大整数</span></a></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E3%80%8C-%E6%89%B9%E9%87%8F%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5-%E3%80%8D-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E5%A2%9E%E5%80%BC%E7%9A%84%E9%97%B4%E9%9A%99"><span class="toc-number">1.1.6.</span> <span class="toc-text">「 批量插入 」 中的自增值的间隙</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E3%80%8C-%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E6%8F%92%E5%85%A5-%E3%80%8D-%E4%B8%AD%E7%9A%84%E8%87%AA%E5%A2%9E%E5%80%BC"><span class="toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="toc-text">「 混合模式插入 」 中的自增值</span></a><ol class="toc-child"><li class="toc-item toc-level-3"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%80%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97-INSERT-%E8%AF%AD%E5%8F%A5%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%AD%E9%97%B4%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9-AUTO-INCREMENT-%E5%88%97%E5%80%BC"><span class="toc-number">1.2.1.</span> <span class="toc-text">在一序列 INSERT 语句的中间修改 AUTO_INCREMENT 列值</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="toc-item toc-level-2"><a class="toc-link" href="#%E7%BB%93%E6%9D%9F%E8%AF%AD"><span class="toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="toc-text">结束语</span></a></li></ol></li></ol></div></div></div></div></div></main><footer id="footer"><div id="footer-wrap"><div id="footer_deal"><a class="deal_link" href="mailto:2071916845@qq.com" rel="external nofollow noreferrer" title="email"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-envelope"></i></a><a class="deal_link" target="_blank" rel="noopener external nofollow noreferrer" href="https://weibo.com/" title="微博"><i class="anzhiyufont anzhiyu-icon-weibo"></i></a><a 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